How eating less meat can reduce our carbon emissions (2024)

Blog Post 30 August 2022 Updated 1 September 2022

  • Environment and sustainability

Did you know that food production is responsible for approximately one quarter of all greenhouse gas emissions?

A large chunk of this comes from food waste, while about a third comes from livestock and fisheries.

One way you can reduce your climate impact is by eating with the environment in mind. This is because the production of certain types of food releases larger amounts of harmful emissions than others.

What foods are better for the environment?

Studies have shown that the environmental impact of different foods varies considerably. The production of animal-based foods, for example, tend to be more harmful to the environment than that of plant-based foods.

This is because land-use change and processes used in farming make up much of the carbon footprint of most foods. Animal-based foods tend to score considerably higher in these two areas than plant-based foods.

For example, grazing animals require a lot of land, often created through deforestation. Livestock also produce large quantities of methane, a particularly harmful greenhouse gas.

Meanwhile, foods like tofu, beans, peas and nuts have a very low overall carbon footprint, making them environmentally friendly choices.

Is all meat bad for the environment?

While animal-based foods generally have a higher carbon footprint than plant-based foods, some animal-based foods are more environmentally friendly than others.

Chicken and pork have a relatively small climate impact. Dairy and lamb sit in the middle, while beef is nearly always the least sustainable choice.

The environmental impact of beef varies from country to country due to differences in farming practices. For example, beef from South America is often worse for the environment due to deforestation from land-use change. Beef from New Zealand, France and the UK is usually more environmentally friendly due to good pasture quality, a result of climate and effective management practices.

Should we eat less meat?

Evidence suggests that less meat is nearly always better than more sustainable meat. If you compared the protein content of beef and peas, for example, beef would produce roughly 90% times more Earth-warming emissions.

According to the UN’s Food and Agricultural Organization, about 14% of all emissions come from meat and dairy production. Simply reducing our intake of these two foods can make a big impact.

One easy way to reduce your consumption of high impact animal-based products is to reduce your portion sizes. Some chicken breasts are two to three times bigger than the recommended serving size!

To cut back on meat portions even further, try mixing higher impact proteins with low impact proteins, for example by adding beans to stews or soups and halving the meat content. This is also a great way to save money, as legumes like beans are cheap to buy in comparison to meat.

What about fish?

Fishing is a major contributor to the decline in the number of ocean wildlife. In just five years, the number of overfished stocks globally has tripled. The destruction of ocean habitats and pollution are also major issues related to fishing.

But this doesn’t mean that all fish is off the table. Just make sure to pick your fish wisely, and eat a variety of protein sources to avoid putting too much pressure on the oceans.

Choosing fish that have a low environmental impact can be tricky, as you need to consider things like the species of fish, where it is fished, and how it is fished.

Luckily, the Marine Conservation Society’s tool, The Good Fish Guide, considers all these factors for you. It will provide you with a traffic light ranking, with green being good and red being bad, for different fishing locations. It also offers more sustainable alternatives to try for each fish species.

What are the benefits of eating less meat?

Eating less red and processed meat and more wholegrains, fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds, and legumes has also been shown to be good for your health. Studies show that eating in this way not only benefits the planet but also reduces your risk of health conditions like heart disease, strokes and diabetes.

You don’t need to go completely vegetarian to reap the benefits. For example, the Mediterranean diet involves basing your diet around plant-based foods and having animal-based foods less frequently. It’s considered one of the healthiest ways to eat and is even prescribed by consultants to treat medical conditions.

What if everyone stopped eating meat?

Livestock farming is not all bad. It provides a source of income for many people and is an important source of nutrition in low-income communities. Some people have dietary requirements or health conditions that limit their diets and may rely on animal-based foods.

Luckily, simply being mindful of your consumption of food with a higher carbon footprint can make a big difference.

Key takeaways:

  • Plant-based protein sources like tofu, beans, peas and nuts have the lowest climate impact.
  • Chicken, eggs and pork are almost always more environmentally friendly than dairy, beef and lamb.

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How eating less meat can reduce our carbon emissions (2024)

FAQs

How eating less meat can reduce our carbon emissions? ›

For example, grazing animals require a lot of land, often created through deforestation. Livestock also produce large quantities of methane, a particularly harmful greenhouse gas. Meanwhile, foods like tofu, beans, peas and nuts have a very low overall carbon footprint, making them environmentally friendly choices.

How much CO2 do you save by not eating meat? ›

Check out how much carbon you could save by choosing vegetarian or vegan options over meat or fish: 1 vegetarian day per week (52 days a year) can save nearly 100kgs of CO2 per year. 1 vegetarian week per month (12 weeks a year) can save nearly 153kgs of CO2 per year.

How does reducing food waste reduce carbon emissions? ›

But wasted food isn't just a social or humanitarian concern—it's an environmental one. When we waste food, we also waste all the energy and water it takes to grow, harvest, transport, and package it. And if food goes to the landfill and rots, it produces methane—a greenhouse gas even more potent than carbon dioxide.

How does meat cause CO2 emissions? ›

Grazing cattle need plentiful supplies of grass – meaning farmers often use nitrogen fertiliser on their fields to stimulate plant growth. The production of nitrogen fertiliser causes the release of CO2 and the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). (It is worth noting that emissions from beef can vary greatly.

How does eating less meat reduce emissions? ›

For example, grazing animals require a lot of land, often created through deforestation. Livestock also produce large quantities of methane, a particularly harmful greenhouse gas. Meanwhile, foods like tofu, beans, peas and nuts have a very low overall carbon footprint, making them environmentally friendly choices.

How will eating less meat help the environment? ›

If each country was to adopt a sustainable diet (i.e. follow their country's recommended dietary guidelines, which results in Western nations reducing their meat consumption and increasing consumption of plants), this will reduce the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by approximately 30% and reduce the freshwater ...

What is the biggest way to reduce carbon emissions? ›

Reduce your carbon footprint through switching to clean energy sources, changing the way you travel, and reducing your consumption by recycling and reusing everything!

How does eating meat affect the climate change? ›

The climate impact of meat is enormous – roughly equivalent to all the driving and flying of every car, truck and plane in the world. When forests are destroyed to produce industrial meat, billions of tonnes of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere, accelerating global warming.

How does meat affect climate change? ›

Animal-based foods, especially red meat, dairy, and farmed shrimp, are generally associated with the highest greenhouse gas emissions. This is because: Meat production often requires extensive grasslands, which is often created by cutting down trees, releasing carbon dioxide stored in forests.

What is a person who only eats fish called? ›

Pescatarians have a lot in common with vegetarians. They eat fruits, veggies, nuts, seeds, whole grains, beans, eggs, and dairy, and stay away from meat and poultry. But there's one way they part company from vegetarians: Pescatarians eat fish and other seafood.

How much does meat contribute to CO2? ›

Forgoing meat entirely, therefore, can help reduce your carbon footprint considerably. Meat consumption is linked to an annual carbon dioxide equivalent of 1.1 tons on global average.

What meat has the highest carbon footprint? ›

Based on carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) measurements, beef comes in first place as the food with the largest carbon footprint, emitting an astounding 99 kilograms of CO2e per kilogram of the final meat product.

Should we eat less meat? ›

Research shows that people who eat red meat are at a higher risk of death from heart disease, stroke or diabetes. Processed meats also make the risk of death from these diseases go up. And what you don't eat also can harm your health.

Why won't eating less meat save the planet? ›

livestock only accounts for 3.9% of emissions and everyone is talking about the environmental impact of beef, but cows are only 2% of emissions. So even if we were to cut out livestock in order to reduce those emissions, you have to remember the emissions from growing more crops for food would rise.

How bad is eating meat for the environment? ›

LEAD researchers also found that the global livestock industry uses dwindling supplies of freshwater, destroys forests and grasslands, and causes soil erosion, while pollution and the runoff of fertilizer and animal waste create dead zones in coastal areas and smother coral reefs.

How much CO2 does meatless Monday save? ›

With each vegetarian meal you consume, you will save 133 gallons of water, and each Meatless Monday, you will reduce your carbon footprint by eight pounds.

What percent of CO2 emissions come from meat? ›

(2021) using these lower values, provides estimates that livestock account for 14.0% to 17.3% of global emissions, depending on whether CO2 emissions from grazing land are included.

What is the CO2 equivalent of meat? ›

One serving of Beef (100g) is equivalent to 15.5kg CO2e, or 78.7km of driving. One serving of Beef (100g) is equivalent to 15.5kg CO2e. One serving of Lamb (100g). One serving of Lamb (100g) is equivalent to 5.84kg CO2e, or 29.6km of driving.

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