THE BIG IDEA
Using the preferred OEE calculation (A x P x Q = OEE) makes it easier to take action against the underlying causes of lost productivity.
Simple OEE Calculation
The simplest way to calculate OEE is as the ratio of Fully Productive Time to Planned Production Time. Fully Productive Time is just another way of saying manufacturing only Good Parts as fast as possible (Ideal Cycle Time) with no Stop Time. The simple calculation of OEE is:
OEE = (Good Count × Ideal Cycle Time) / Planned Production Time
Although this is an entirely valid calculation of OEE, it does not provide information about the three loss-related factors: Availability, Performance, and Quality. For that – we use the preferred calculation.
Preferred OEE Calculation
The preferred OEE calculation is based on the three OEE Factors: Availability, Performance, and Quality.
Availability
Availability takes into account all events that stop planned production long enough where it makes sense to track a reason for being down (typically several minutes).
Availability is calculated as the ratio of Run Time to Planned Production Time:
Availability = Run Time / Planned Production Time
Run Time is simply Planned Production Time less Stop Time, where Stop Time is defined as all time where the manufacturing process was intended to be running but was not due to Unplanned Stops (e.g., Breakdowns) or Planned Stops (e.g., Changeovers).
Run Time = Planned Production Time − Stop Time
Performance
Performance takes into account anything that causes the manufacturing process to run at less than the maximum possible speed when it is running (including both Slow Cycles and Small Stops).
Performance is the ratio of Net Run Time to Run Time. It is calculated as:
Performance = (Ideal Cycle Time × Total Count) / Run Time
Ideal Cycle Time is the fastest cycle time that your process can achieve in optimal circ*mstances. Therefore, when it is multiplied by Total Count the result is Net Run Time (the fastest possible time to manufacture the parts).
Since rate is the reciprocal of time, Performance can also be calculated as:
Performance = (Total Count / Run Time) / Ideal Run Rate
Performance should never be greater than 100%. If it is, that usually indicates that Ideal Cycle Time is set incorrectly (it is too high).
Quality
Quality takes into account manufactured parts that do not meet quality standards, including parts that need rework. Remember, OEE Quality is similar to First Pass Yield, in that it defines Good Parts as parts that successfully pass through the manufacturing process the first time without needing any rework.
Quality is calculated as:
Quality = Good Count / Total Count
This is the same as taking the ratio of Fully Productive Time (only Good Parts manufactured as fast as possible with no Stop Time) to Net Run Time (all parts manufactured as fast as possible with no stop time).
OEE Formula
OEE takes into account all losses, resulting in a measure of truly productive manufacturing time. It is calculated as:
OEE = Availability × Performance × Quality
If the equations for Availability, Performance, and Quality are substituted in the above and reduced to their simplest terms, the result is:
OEE = (Good Count × Ideal Cycle Time) / Planned Production Time
This is the “simplest” OEE calculation described earlier. And, as described earlier, multiplying Good Count by Ideal Cycle Time results in Fully Productive Time (manufacturing only Good Parts as fast as possible, with no Stop Time).
Why the Preferred OEE Calculation?
OEE scores provide very valuable insight – an accurate picture of how effectively your manufacturing process is running. And it makes it easy to track improvements in that process over time.
What your OEE score doesn’t provide is any insights as to the underlying causes of lost productivity. This is the role of Availability, Performance, and Quality.
In the preferred calculation, you get the best of both worlds. A single number that captures how well you are doing (OEE) and three numbers that capture the fundamental nature of your losses (Availability, Performance, and Quality).
Here is an interesting example. Look at the following OEE data for two sequential weeks.
| OEE Factor | Week 1 | Week 2 |
|---|---|---|
| OEE | 85.1% | 85.7% |
| Availability | 90.0% | 95.0% |
| Performance | 95.0% | 95.0% |
| Quality | 99.5% | 95.0% |
OEE is improving. Great job! Or is it? Dig a little deeper, and the picture is less clear. Most companies would not want to increase Availability by 5.0% at the expense of decreasing Quality by 4.5%.
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OEE CALCULATION EXAMPLE
Now, let’s work through a complete example using the preferred OEE calculation. Here is the data recorded for the first shift:
| Item | Data |
|---|---|
| Shift Length | 8 hours (480 minutes) |
| Breaks | (2) 15 minutes and (1) 30 minutes |
| Downtime | 47 minutes |
| Ideal Cycle Time | 1.0 seconds |
| Total Count | 19,271 widgets |
| Reject Count | 423 widgets |
Planned Production Time
As described in the OEE Factors page, the OEE calculation begins with Planned Production Time. So first, exclude any Shift Time where there is no intention of running production (typically Breaks).
Formula: Shift Length − Breaks
Example: 480 minutes − 60 minutes = 420 minutes
Run Time
The next step is to calculate the amount of time that production was actually running (was not stopped). Remember that Stop Time should include both Unplanned Stops (e.g., Breakdowns) or Planned Stops (e.g., Changeovers). Both provide opportunities for improvement.
Formula: Planned Production Time − Stop Time
Example: 420 minutes − 47 minutes = 373 minutes
Good Count
If you do not directly track Good Count, it also needs to be calculated.
Formula: Total Count − Reject Count
Example: 19,271 widgets − 423 widgets = 18,848 widgets
Availability
Availability is the first of the three OEE factors to be calculated. It accounts for when the process is not running (both Unplanned Stops and Planned Stops).
Formula: Run Time / Planned Production Time
Example: 373 minutes / 420 minutes = 0.8881 (88.81%)
Performance
Performance is the second of the three OEE factors to be calculated. It accounts for when the process is running slower than its theoretical top speed (both Small Stops and Slow Cycles).
Formula: (Ideal Cycle Time × Total Count) / Run Time
Example: (1.0 seconds × 19,271 widgets) / (373 minutes × 60 seconds) = 0.8611 (86.11%)
Performance can also be calculated based on Ideal Run Rate. The equivalent Ideal Run Rate in our example is 60 parts per minute.
Formula: (Total Count / Run Time) / Ideal Run Rate
Example: (19,271 widgets / 373 minutes) / 60 parts per minute = 0.8611 (86.11%)
Quality
Quality is the third of the three OEE factors to be calculated. It accounts for manufactured parts that do not meet quality standards.
Formula: Good Count / Total Count
Example: 18,848 widgets / 19,271 widgets = 0.9780 (97.80%)
OEE
Finally, OEE is calculated by multiplying the three OEE factors.
Formula: Availability × Performance × Quality
Example: 0.8881 × 0.8611 × 0.9780 = 0.7479 (74.79%)
OEE can also be calculated using the simple calculation.
Formula: (Good Count × Ideal Cycle Time) / Planned Production Time
Example: (18,848 widgets × 1.0 seconds) / (420 minutes × 60 seconds) = 0.7479 (74.79%)
The result is the same in both cases. The OEE for this shift is 74.79%.
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