Demand and Supply are two pillars of business economics. We already know that demand is the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at different prices during a period of time. In this article, we will understand the meaning and determinants of supply.
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Meaning of Supply
Supply refers to the amount of a good or service that the producers/providers are willing and able to offer to the market at various prices during a period of time. There are two important aspects of supply:
- Supply refers to what is offered for sale and not what is finally sold.
- Supply is a flow. Hence, it is a certain quantity per day or week or month, etc.
(Source: TES.com)
Determinants of Supply
While the price is an important aspect for determining the willingness and desire to part with goods/services, many other factors determine the supply of a product or service as discussed below:
Price of the Good/ Service
The most obvious one of the determinants of supply is the price of the product/service. With all other parameters being equal, the supply of a product increases if its relative price is higher. The reason is simple. A firm provides goods or services to earn profits and if the prices rise, the profit rises too.
Price of Related Goods
Let’s say that the price of wheat rises. Hence, it becomes more profitable for firms to supply wheat as compared to corn or soya bean. Hence, the supply of wheat will rise, whereas the supply of corn and soya bean will experience a fall.
Hence, we can say that if the price of related goods rises, then the firm increases the supply of the goods having a higher price. This leads to a drop in the supply of the goods having a lower price.
Price of the Factors of Production
Production of a good involves many costs. If there is a rise in the price of a particular factor of production, then the cost of making goods that use a great deal of thatfactorsexperiences a huge increase. The cost of production of goods that use relatively smaller amounts of the said factor increases marginally.
For example, a rise in the cost of land will have a large effect on the cost of producing wheat and a small effect on the cost of producing automobiles.
Therefore, the change in theprice of one factor of production causes changes in the relative profitability of different lines of production. This causes producers to shift from one line to another, leading to a change in the supply of goods.
State of Technology
Technological innovations and inventions tend to make it possible to produce better quality and/or quantity of goods using the same resources. Therefore, the state of technology can increase or decrease the supply of certain goods.
Government Policy
Commodity taxes like excise duty, import duties, GST, etc. have a huge impact on the cost of production. These taxes can raise overall costs. Hence, the supply of goods that are impacted by these taxes increases only when the price increases. On the other hand, subsidies reduce the cost of production and usually lead to an increase in supply.
Other Factors
There are many other factors affecting the supply of goods or services like thegovernment’s industrial and foreign policies, the goals of the firm, infrastructural facilities, market structure, natural factors etc.
Solved Question onDeterminants of Supply
Q: The relation between the quantity of supply and price is _____ proportional
- directly
- indirectly
- not related
- None of the above
Ans: The correct answer is A. With the rise in the price of goods, the supply by the firm will also increase. So the relation between price and supply is direct and positive.
