Heating ventilation and air conditioning system is used to maintain the clean room area in sterile as well as non-sterile manufacturing.
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) is the key to ensuring that the pharmaceutical products manufactured by an industry are of good quality. It ensures that there are all the necessary favorable conditions for successful manufacturing. A basic working on which HVAC system works is explained below:
First, the system collects fresh air from outside the plant from where it is filtered using a filter. Here, the cooling coil gets rid of excessive humidity and takes it out through the drainage system.
The filtered air goes through the supply duct and further filtration is done through the Air Handling Unit. The air handling unit then supplies the filtered air to different rooms within the manufacturing plant. The air supplied to each room is determined by the temperature and humidity that is required in the room. In addition to the Air handling unit, air is additionally filtered through the High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) systems which guarantee up to 99.995% efficiency.
The core functions of an HVAC system include the following:
1. Controlling micro-organisms, particles in the air and dust. A working HVAC system has to primarily control dust, which is eliminated through filtration. Dust can be a cause of contamination in the manufacturing process if not taken care of. Airborne particles that are found in the air can also interfere with the manufacturing process and result in contamination. Micro-organisms are also a potential threat to the successful processing of pharmaceuticals since the environment in the plant should be sterile. All these are eliminated through the HEPA systems.
2. Maintaining the right temperature in the production spaces. Temperature is very key in any pharmaceutical industry. if the temperature is not well controlled, it may cause micro bacteria to grow in the spaces or on workers, which may affect their health adversely.
3. Maintaining the right pressure in the room. In the pharmaceutical industry, there are areas and surfaces that must be kept cleaner at all times. These areas must, therefore, be kept at a positive pressurization at all times. The air floor at these areas should be more at the opening areas. The HVAC system ensures that positive pressurization is achieved by keeping the air flower into the clear spaces more than the air that exits at the same time. this ensures that there is no chance or space for the growth of micro-organisms.
4. Maintaining the right relative humidity. Controlling the moisture in the manufacturing spaces is achieved by the installation of desiccant dehumidifiers. Having the right humidity levels in the space is key to manufacturing stable drugs. The correct relative humidity is usually needed to ensure that tablets are well manufactured.
Conclusion
The main reason why each pharmaceutical industry strives to have a working HVAC system is to ensure that the quality of the products they manufacture is not compromised. Also, the manufacturing process sometimes includes emission of harmful by-products such as gases. This is controlled by these systems through proper ventilation. With that in mind, we can say that working HVAC systems are part of upholding the health and safety of operators.
FAQs
The main purposes of a Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system are to help maintain good indoor air quality (IAQ) through adequate ventilation with filtration and provide thermal comfort. HVAC systems are among the largest energy consumers in schools.
What is the working process of HVAC system? ›
To cool the air, heat is absorbed by the refrigerant and expelled out of the building. To produce warm air, a heat pump draws cold outside air over even colder refrigerant. Heat is then drawn into the refrigerant, which heats the coils.
What are the four purposes of the HVAC system? ›
Four of the most significant objectives for HVAC systems are covered in this blog. These objectives include security, ease of use, energy efficiency, interior quality, and security. These objectives have advantages, but they all work to improve the comfort of your house.
What is the main part of the HVAC system? ›
Some of the most important parts of your HVAC system are your heat exchanger, blower motor, combustion chamber, condenser, evaporator, and thermostat.
What are the five functions of HVAC? ›
Here are five primary functions of an HVAC system in a green building:
- Heating. The primary function of your heating system is to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature during the winter months. ...
- Make-up Air. ...
- Cooling. ...
- Ventilation. ...
- Exhaust. ...
- Types of HVAC Systems for Green Buildings. ...
- Takeaway.
The three major functions of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning are interrelated, especially with the need to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality within reasonable installation, operation, and maintenance costs. HVAC systems can be used in both domestic and commercial environments.
What is HVAC system in brief? ›
HVAC is an acronym that stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. The term HVAC is used to describe a complete home comfort system that can be used to heat and cool your home, as well as provide improved indoor air quality.
What are the components and working principle of HVAC system? ›
An HVAC system functions through a heating unit, cooling system, and air duct. Their working principles consist of helping move air through living spaces, managing humidity levels, and ultimately providing radiation for heating and cooling.
How long do HVAC systems work? ›
In general, most HVAC systems will last 15 to 25 years, but depending on the type of system and other contributing factors, that estimate can be highly variable. Even with HVAC maintenance and regular repairs, eventually, even the best boilers, furnaces, heat pumps, and air conditioners today will run their course.
Which of the following is the main goal of an HVAC system? ›
The main goal for the development of an optimal HVAC system (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) is to create a comfortable environment for occupants with reduced energy inputs. HVAC systems rely on a control system to maintain consistent comfort levels and air quality even when conditions change.
In its most simple explanation, an HVAC system's primary objective is to maintain our homes and other buildings at comfortable temperatures (be it cool or warm) through the implementation of machines such as air conditioners and ventilation networks.
What controls the HVAC? ›
The DDC system is the "brain" of the HVAC system. It dictates the position of every damper and valve in a system. It determines which fans, pumps, and chiller run and at what speed or capacity.
What are the two main types of HVAC systems? ›
Each type of HVAC system falls into one of two categories: ducted or ductless. In a ducted system, the main unit pushes air through a series of air ducts to cool or heat a building. Ductless systems, on the other hand, lack air ducts and use alternative methods to distribute treated air throughout a space.
What is the most commonly used HVAC system? ›
The standard split system, featuring one indoor unit and one outdoor unit, continues to be the most commonly used HVAC system in homes. These split systems can be tailored in multiple ways to meet the specific climate needs of your location: Furnace and air conditioner.
How to make a HVAC system more efficient? ›
Take these steps to increase the efficiency of your heating and cooling system.
- Change your air filter regularly. ...
- Tune up your HVAC equipment yearly. ...
- Install a smart thermostat. ...
- Seal your heating and cooling ducts. ...
- Consider installing ENERGY STAR certified heating and cooling equipment.
AC stands for air conditioning, which is the process of cooling and dehumidifying the air in a room or building. An HVAC system, on the other hand, stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. It combines the AC with other systems to provide a more comprehensive climate control solution.
What is the difference between AC and HVAC system? ›
The main difference between HVAC and AC is that HVAC generally refers to the whole heating, cooling, and ventilation system of a building, while AC often refers to cooling systems. In other words, AC is part of an HVAC system.
What are the 4 basic categories of HVAC systems? ›
The 4 basic categories of HVAC systems known as the Split Systems, Packaged Systems, Ductless Mini-Split Systems, and Hybrid Systems offer diverse solutions to meet varying heating, cooling, and air circulation needs.
